Current Issue : July-September Volume : 2025 Issue Number : 3 Articles : 5 Articles
Objectives: The aim of this study is to evaluate the histopathological examinations of biopsy samples obtained from patients, and to determine the prevalence, age, and gender distribution of intraoral benign lesions. The study examines the distribution of all benign intraoral pathologies, including both soft tissue and hard tissue lesions, through which the goal is to contribute to clinical diagnostic processes. Methods: The histopathological evaluation results of 235 patients who underwent biopsy between 2021 and 2024 were retrospectively analyzed. Out of 235 patients, 123 (52.34%) were female and 112 (47.66%) were male. Lesions were categorized into two groups: soft tissue lesions and intraosseous lesions. The frequency, gender distribution, and age ranges of these lesions were assessed. Lesions exhibiting dysplasia or malignancy were excluded from the study. Results: The most common benign intraoral lesion was identified as the radicular cyst, observed in 69 patients. The age range for radicular cysts varied from 8 to 80 years, with 30 cases in females and 39 in males. The most frequently encountered soft tissue lesion was traumatic fibroma, which constituted 25.33% (19 patients) of all soft tissue lesions. Traumatic fibromas were observed in patients aged between 12 and 62 years. In terms of overall prevalence among all benign intraoral pathological lesions, radicular cysts ranked first (29.36%), followed by periapical granulomas (15.31%), dentigerous cysts (11.06%), and traumatic fibromas (8.08%). The occurrence of soft tissue lesions was significantly higher in females (66.66%) compared to males (33.34%). Conclusions: There are no recent studies in the literature evaluating the prevalence and demographic distribution of intraoral benign lesions. The most common lesions diagnosed in the study are typically associated with inflammation and irritation. The most common hard tissue lesion was the radicular cyst, which was seen across a wide age range and in similar proportions in men and women. Among soft tissue lesions, traumatic fibroma was the most common, particularly in women, and was seen across a wide age range. In terms of gender distribution, soft tissue lesions were twice as common in women as in men....
Background: Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, with non-small cell lung carcinomas (NSCLCs) comprising the majority of cases. Among the common driver mutations, KRAS plays a critical role in guiding treatment strategies. This study evaluates the expression of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) and hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF-1α) in KRAS-mutant NSCLCs and investigates their associations with clinicopathological findings. Methods: A total of 85 cases with KRAS mutations were analyzed. Immunohistochemical staining for HIF-1α and PD-L1 was performed, and their relationships with mutation status and prognostic variables were assessed. Results: A significant correlation was identified between HIF-1α expression and PD-L1 expression in tumor cells. While the KRAS G12C mutation was not significantly associated with HIF-1α expression in tumor cells, it demonstrated a notable relationship with HIF-1α expression in the tumor microenvironment and PD-L1 expression. However, PD-L1 and HIF-1α expression did not significantly influence overall survival outcomes. Conclusions: Expression of PD-L1 was positively correlated with HIF-1α, which may provide evidence for a novel therapy targeting PD-L1 and HIF-1α in NSCLC. Further comprehensive studies are warranted to elucidate the prognostic implications of tumor– microenvironment and mutation interactions....
Kikuchi–Fujimoto disease (KFD) is a rare condition characterized by necrotizing lymphadenitis and fever, often associated with immune dysregulation. Histologically, it features necrotic foci with abundant histiocytes and plasmacytoid dendritic cells but notably lacks neutrophils and eosinophils. Recent evidence reveals a notable prevalence among pediatric patients, who may exhibit distinct features compared to adults. We reported the case of an 11-year-old girl presenting with persistent fever, cervical adenopathy, and a malar rash, leading to a diagnosis of KFD following lymph node biopsy, which revealed non-suppurative necrosis and histiocytic infiltration. Empirical treatment with antivirals and antibiotics was ineffective, but corticosteroid therapy achieved symptom remission. A literature review identified 48 relevant studies involving 386 pediatric cases, with histopathological findings consistent with classical descriptions of KFD. Cutaneous involvement was reported in 11.14% of cases, ranging from maculopapular rashes to lupus-like eruptions. Notable complications included the development of systemic lupus erythematous, Sjögren syndrome, and rare instances of hemophagocytic syndrome or central nervous system involvement. Kikuchi–Fujimoto disease should be considered in the differential diagnosis of pediatric patients presenting with fever and lymphadenopathy, taking into account a higher frequency of cutaneous manifestations in pediatric cases. A skin biopsy may be helpful in diagnosing KFD and provide valuable information regarding the potential risk of developing systemic lupus erythematosus in the future....
Chronic constipation is more common in the elderly and associated with numerous diseases. For the diagnosis of chronic constipation in the elderly, it is essential to exclude constipation secondary to colorectal cancer or other causes. Chronic constipation in the elderly also often requires lifestyle modifications, as well as drug treatments because of the involvement of pathologies such as reduced colonic transport capacity and rectal hyposensitivity. Therefore, it is extremely important to evaluate the pathophysiology of both the colon and the rectum. Transabdominal ultrasonography (TUS) is a key technique for providing comprehensive medical care and allows simultaneous functional assessment and exclusion of organic diseases related to constipation such as colorectal cancer. Although several studies have reported the clinical utility of TUS for chronic constipation, which includes its simplicity, noninvasiveness, and low cost, the majority were in children. Thus, there are limited studies in adults. Herein, we review the utility of TUS for indirect assessment of colonic transit time using several TUS parameters that can be applied clinically, as well as treatment options for chronic constipation. The constipation index (i.e., mean transverse diameter of the colon), assessed by TUS, is a useful indirect indicator of colonic transit time. If the constipation index is <21.2, increased fiber or treatment with osmotic agents should be used. If the constipation index is ≥21.2, then the ratio of the left to the right lateral colonic diameters should be evaluated. If this value is ≥0.5, a secretagogue or bile acid transporter inhibitor should be administered. It is noteworthy that nursing care is becoming increasingly important in Japan’s super-aging society. A significant proportion of nursing care is provided to patients with chronic constipation, a cohort that is predicted to grow in the future. In these patients, fecal masses often remain in the rectum, which may require an enema or stool extraction. Therefore, it is important to assess both the presence of feces in the rectum and the consistency of the feces. Recently, portable ultrasound (US) devices equipped with artificial intelligence have been developed and used clinically for treatment of patients with chronic constipation in nursing care. Rectal findings using portable US devices can aid in selecting appropriate constipation treatments. Thus, portable US will likely become increasingly important as a next-generation examination device in nursing care. TUS (including portable US) is noninvasive, simple, and repeatable and will become a fundamental modality in the management of chronic constipation....
Background/Objectives: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) influences different organs including the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). This study aims to identify structural and functional TMJ changes in children with CKD using ultrasound as the least invasive and most accessible method. Methods: TMJ changes were examined using ultrasound screening in 40 children. The first group (control, n = 10) included children with normal occlusion without TMJ complaints. The second group (n = 10) included children with CKD stage 1 and 2. The third group (n = 10) included patients on hemodialysis after renal transplantation. The forth group (n = 10) included patients at least 6 months after renal transplantation. Results: The size of the anterior section of the right TMJ gap in the third group was the largest among all the groups studied (1.085 mm) and statistically significantly different from the first group (0.570 mm; p = 0.001) and the second one (0.665 mm, p = 0.001). The width of the middle section was also greatest in the third group and statistically significantly different when compared to the first and second groups (0.390 mm; p = 0.023 and 0.340 mm; p < 0.001, respectively). A posterior articular gap width differences between the individual patient groups under study were not statistically significant in a posteriori comparison with Bonferroni correction. Statistical significance of differences between all groups when comparing the gap width was found in all sections of the left TMJ. The frequency of anterior disc displacement between groups ranged from 50 to 100% in all groups studied and was not statistically different when comparing right and left TMJs between groups (p = 0.084 and p = 0.662, respectively). Conclusions: CKD children have different TMJ changes, so TMJ ultrasound could screen joint pathology at early stages, and dental specialists can start timely rehabilitation....
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